Masturbation is the sexual stimulation of one's own genitals ,
usually to the point of orgasm .The stimulation can be performed using the hands,fingers, everyday objects, or dedicated sex toys. Mutual masturbation, can be a substitute for sexual penetration.
Studies have found that masturbation is frequent in humans of both
sexes and all ages, although there is variation. Various medical and
psychological benefits have been attributed to a healthy attitude to sex in general and to masturbation in
particular. No causal relationship is known between masturbation and any
form of mental or physical disorder.
Masturbation has been depicted in art since prehistoric times and is
mentioned and discussed in very early writings. In the 18th and 19th centuries,
some European theologians and physicians described it as "heinous",
"deplorable" and "hideous", but during the 20th century,
these taboos generally declined. There has been an increase in discussion and
portrayal of masturbation in art, popular music, television, films and literature.
Present day religions vary in their views of masturbation; some view it as a
spiritually detrimental practice, some see it as not spiritually detrimental,
and others take a situational view. The legal status of masturbation has
also varied through history and masturbation in public is illegal in most
countries. In the West, masturbation in private or with a partner is generally
considered a healthy and normal part of sexual enjoyment, as various health
authorities have expressed in leaflets and in their policies.Animl masturbation has been
observed in many species, both in the wild and in captivity.
Etymology
The English word masturbation was introduced in the 18th
century, based on the Latin verb masturbari, alongside the more
technical and slightly earlier onanism. The Latin verb masturbari
is of uncertain origin. Suggested derivations include an unattested word for penis, *mazdo,
cognate with Greek mézea μέζεα,
"genitals", or alternatively a corruption of an unattested *manusturpare
("to defile with the hand"), by association with turbare
"to disturb".
There is a wide array of more recent slang synonyms, among the most notable
being to jerk off(1896) and wank
(1948).
Terminology
While masturbation is the formal word for this practice, many
other expressions are in common use. Terms such as playing with yourself,
pleasuring oneself and slang such as wankingand jerking
off are
common. Self-abuse and self-pollution
were common in early modern times and are still found in modern dictionaries. A
large variety of other euphemisms and dysphemisms
exist which describe masturbation. For a list of terms, see the entry for masturbate in Wikisaurus.
Techniques
Ways of masturbating common to members of both sexes include
pressing or rubbing the genital area, either with the fingers or against an object
such as a pillow;
inserting fingers or an object into the anus (see anal masturbation); and stimulating the penis or vulva with electric vibrators, which may also be inserted into the
vagina or anus. Members of both sexes may also enjoy touching, rubbing, or pinching
the nipples or
other erogenous zones while masturbating. Both sexes
sometimes apply lubricating substances to intensify sensation.
Reading
or viewing pornography, or sexual fantasy, are often common adjuncts to masturbation. Often people will call
upon memories during masturbation. Masturbation activities can be ritualised
and various fetishes and paraphilias may play a part. Some potentially harmful or fatal activities include autoerotic asphyxiation and self-bondage.
Some people get sexual pleasure by inserting objects, such as urethral sounds, into the urethra (the tube through which urine and, in men, semen,
flows),
a practice known as urethral play or "sounding".
Other objects such as ball point pens and thermometers are sometimes used,
although this practice can lead to injury and/or infection.
Some people masturbate by using machies
that simulate intercourse.
Men and women may masturbate until they are close to orgasm, stop for a while to reduce excitement, and then resume
masturbating. They may repeat this cycle multiple times. This "stop and
go" build-up, known as "edging," can achieve even stronger
orgasms.Rarely, people quit stimulation just before orgasm to retain the heightened
energy that normally comes down after orgasm.
Female
Masturbating using a dildo
Female masturbation techniques include a woman stroking or rubbing
her vulva ,
especially her clitoris,
with her index and/or middle fingers. Sometimes one or more fingers may be inserted into the vagina to
repeatedly stroke its frontal wall where the G-spot is located.Masturbation aids such as a vibrator, dildo or Ben wa balls can also be used to stimulate the vagina and clitoris. Many women
caress their breasts or stimulate a nipple with the
free hand, if these are receptive areas for sexual stimulation. Anal
stimulation is also enjoyed by some.Lubrication is sometimes used during masturbation,
especially when penetration is involved, but this is not
universal and many women find their natural lubrication sufficient.
Common positions include lying on back or face down, sitting,
squatting, kneeling or standing. In a bath or shower a female may direct tap
water at her clitoris and vulva. Lying
face down one may use the hands, one may straddle a pillow, the corner or edge
of the bed, a partner's leg or some scrunched-up clothing and "hump"
the vulva and clitoris against it. Standing up a chair, the corner of an item
of furniture or even a washing machine can be used to stimulate the clitoris
through the labia and clothing. Some masturbate using only pressure applied to
the clitoris without direct contact, for example by pressing the palm or ball
of the hand against underwear or other clothing. In the 1920s, Havelock Ellis reported that turn-of-the-century seamstresses using treadle-operated
sewing machines could achieve orgasm by sitting near the edge of their chairs.
Women can sexually stimulate themselves by crossing their legs
tightly and clenching the muscles in their legs, creating pressure on the
genitals. This can potentially be done in public without observers noticing.
Thoughts, fantasies, and memories of previous instances of arousal and orgasm
can produce sexual excitation. Some women can orgasm spontaneously by force of
will alone, although this may not strictly qualify as masturbation as no physical
stimulus is involved.
Sex therapists will sometimes recommend that female patients take
time to masturbate to orgasm, especially if they have not done so before.
Male
Masturbating by gripping and sliding the foreskin back
and forth
Male masturbation techniques are influenced by a number of factors
and personal preferences. Techniques may also differ between males who have
been circumcised
and those who have not. Some techniques which may work for one individual can
be difficult or uncomfortable for another.
The most common male masturbation technique is simply to hold the
penis with a loose fist and then to move the hand up and down the shaft. This
type of stimulation is typically all that is required to achieve orgasm and ejaculation.
The speed of the hand motion will vary from person to person, although it is
not uncommon for the speed to increase as ejaculation nears and for it to
decrease during the ejaculation itself.
For males who have not been circumcised, stimulation of the penis in this way
comes from the "pumping" of the foreskin, in
which the foreskin is held and slid up and down over the glans,
which depending on foreskin length, is completely or partially covered and then
uncovered in a rapid motion. The glans itself may widen and lengthen as the
stimulation continues, becoming slightly darker in colour, while the sliding motion of the foreskin reduces friction. For circumcised males, on whom the
glans is mostly or completely uncovered, this technique creates more direct
contact between the hand and the glans. To avoid soreness from this resulting
friction, some may prefer to use a personal lubricant during masturbation.
The shaft skin can also be slid back and forth with just the index
finger and thumb wrapped around the penis. A variation on this is to place the
fingers and thumb on the penis as if playing a flute, and then shuttle them
back and forth.
Lying face down on a comfortable surface such as a mattress or pillow, the
penis can be rubbed against it. This technique may include the use of a simulacrum,
or artificial vagina.
There are many other variations on male masturbation techniques. Men
may also rub or massage the glans, the rim of the glans, and the frenular delta. Some men place both hands directly on their penis during
masturbation, while others may use their free hand to fondle their testicles, nipples, or other
parts of their body. The nipples are erogenous zones, and vigorous stimulation of them during masturbation usually causes
the penis to become erect more quickly than it would otherwise. Some may keep
their hand stationary while pumping into it with pelvic thrusts in order to
simulate the motions of sexual intercourse. Others may also use
vibrators and other sexual devices more commonly associated with female
masturbation. A few extremely flexible males can reach and stimulate their
penis with their tongue or lips, and so perform autofellatio.
The prostate
gland is one of the organs that contributes fluid to semen. As the
prostate is touch-sensitive, some directly stimulate it using a well-lubricated
finger or dildo
inserted through the anus
into the rectum.
Stimulating the prostate from outside, via pressure on the perineum, can
be pleasurable as well. Some men also enjoy anal
stimulation, with fingers or otherwise, without any prostate stimulation.
A somewhat controversial ejaculation control technique is to put
pressure on the perineum, about halfway between the scrotum and the
anus, just before ejaculating. This can, however, redirect semen into the
bladder (referred to as ejaculation).
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